In this study, we demonstrated the control of crystal phase and structural quality of Au-catalyzed InAs nanowires grown on the GaAs {1 1 1}B substrates by tuning the V/III ratio in molecular beam epitaxy. It has been found that InAs nanowires can only be grown in a relatively narrow window of the V/III ratio. It is also demonstrated that the V/III ratio can be used to control the structural quality of wurtzite structured and zinc-blende structured InAs nanowires under low V/III ratios, and defect-free wurtzite structured and zinc-blende structured InAs nanowires were successfully achieved. This study provides an insight into the controlled growth of high-quality wurtzite structured and zinc-blende structured InAs nanowires through the V/III ratio engineering.