This report documents the programme and outcomes of Dagstuhl Seminar 13071 "Dependence Logic: Theory and Applications". The seminar brought together researchers from different areas such as mathematical logic, quantum mechanics, statistics, social choice theory, and theoretical computer science. A key objective of the seminar was to bring together, for the first time, researchers working in dependence logic and in the application areas so that they can communicate state-of-the-art advances and embark on a systematic interaction.