We present a regional emission inventory constructed based on satellite observations of fire activity (MODIS) and the ORCHIDEE vegetation model, and its application to air quality forecasting. After a brief description of the variability of fire activity in the Euro-Mediterranean region during the past 8 years, a full evaluation of the emissions is performed for the case study of the summer of 2007, during the large Greek fires event. Therefore, regional simulations undertaken with the CHIMERE chemistry-transport model (CTM) are compared to surface and satellite observations of trace gases and aerosols.