Purpose: To discuss current research and issues which contribute towards the debate on the direction of self-management programmes for individuals after stroke and make recommendations for future research. Method: This paper includes a critical discussion on self-management specifically applied to stroke. The findings are positioned in the context of the wider stroke literature and debates on the suitability of different programmes. Results: Three main areas of concern and potential opportunities were identified which contribute to the debate on self-management; the "individual stroke survivor"; "professional models and practice" and "organizational context". Conclusion: The body of literature on self-management programmes for people with stroke is relatively new and although research is building many issues are unknown. We have highlighted a number of potential areas of inquiry and concern. In order to further advance the research on stroke and self-management we believe a convergence of the evidence base for chronic disease self-management programmes and research which has illuminated the specific challenges and barriers of living with stroke is warranted. There is also a need to avoid the potential consequence of focusing on a "one-size" programme but rather develop interventions which can be inclusive of social aspects of self-management, and identify new methods of delivery. [Box: see text].