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Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Emerging Infectious Diseases, 7(19), 2013

DOI: 10.3201/eid1907.120871

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Influence of Humans on Evolution and Mobilization of Environmental Antibiotic Resistome

Journal article published in 2013 by William H. Gaze, Stephen M. Krone, D. G. Joakim Larsson, D. G. Joakim Larsson, Xian-Zhi Li, Joseph A. Robinson, Pascal Simonet, Kornelia Smalla, Mohammed Timinouni, Ed Topp, Elizabeth M. H. Wellington ORCID, Gerard D. Wright, Yong-Guan Zhu
This paper is made freely available by the publisher.
This paper is made freely available by the publisher.

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Abstract

The clinical failure of antimicrobial drugs that were previously effective in controlling infectious disease is a tragedy of increasing magnitude that gravely affects human health. This resistance by pathogens is often the endpoint of an evolutionary process that began billions of years ago in non–disease-causing microorganisms. This environmental resistome, its mobilization, and the conditions that facilitate its entry into human pathogens are at the heart of the current public health crisis in antibiotic resistance. Understanding the origins, evolution, and mechanisms of transfer of resistance elements is vital to our ability to adequately address this public health issue.