BACKGROUND: Surgical resection is the best treatment for stage I and II non-small cell lung cancer. Despite an improvement in the perioperative management of cancer patients and specialization of surgical teams, morbidity and mortality remains significant. Non-invasive ventilation (NIV) is an effective therapeutic option in hypercapnic respiratory failure. It also improves functional and gasometric parameters when undertaken before surgery. The objective of the preOVNI study is to demonstrate that preoperative non-invasive ventilation for 7 days, at home, reduces the postoperative respiratory and cardiovascular complications of lung resection surgery, in a high-risk population. METHODS: A prospective, randomized, controlled open-labelled multicentric French study, under the supervision of the Groupe Français de Pneumocancérologie (GFPC), comparing 7 days of preoperative non-invasive ventilation with standard treatment. Inclusion criteria are: patients suitable for lobectomy or segmentectomy for primary bronchial carcinoma and presenting with obstructive or restrictive lung disease, obesity or chronic cardiac insufficiency. The primary criterion is a composite one, including all respiratory and cardiac complications. The number of patients is 150 in each treatment arm, 300 in total. EXPECTED RESULTS: We think that preoperative NIV will be able to reduce the rate of postoperative complications. If this objective is achieved, the management of these patients could be changed.