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Parasitoids associated with "Spodoptera frugiperda" (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in corn in the State of Maranhao, Brazil

This paper was not found in any repository; the policy of its publisher is unknown or unclear.
This paper was not found in any repository; the policy of its publisher is unknown or unclear.

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Abstract

Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith, 1797) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), the fall armyworm, is one of the main pests of corn, causing yield losses ranging from 17 to 38.7%. Its control is based on the use of chemical insecticides, which cause damages to the environment and man. This work aimed to identify and quantify the parasitoids emerged from larvae collected in agricultural fields in São Luís, Urbano Santos, and Formosa da Serra Negra (MA, Brazil), during the 2002/2003 and 2003/2004 cropping seasons. One thousand one hundred and seventy-three larvae were collected, with a parasitism percentage of 17.81%, which in 2002/2003 was about 12.42% and in 2003/2004 achieved 24.48%, representative values of the total mortality rate. The parasitoids that emerged belonged to orders Diptera and Hymenoptera, standing out Chelonus insularis (Cresson) (Chelonidae), which appeared in 34.66% of the parasited larvae collected during 2003/2004. and the tachinids Lespesia lanei (Guimarães) and Archytas incertus (Macquard), which appeared in 25.92% and 24.07%, respectively, in 2002/2003. The rest of the parasitoids observed were the ichneumonid, Eiphosoma laphymae (Costa Lima), the braconids Chelonus texanus (Cressson), Cotesia sp., Macrocentrus sp., and Brachymeria sp., and tachinids Lespesia affins (Riley), Archytas incansanus (Townsend), and Archytas sp. The hymenopterans had a preference for first-instar larvae and the dipterans for the last instars and the pupal stage, this way avoiding the competition between both. ; Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith, 1797) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), gusano cogollero, es una de las principales plagas del maíz, provocando perdidas que varían de 17 a 37%. Su control se basa en el uso de insecticidas químicos, los cuales provocan daños al medio ambiente y al hombre. Este trabajo tuvo como objetivo cuantificar los parasitoides emergentes de larvas recogidas en campo en São Luis Urbano Santos, y Formosa da Serra Negra (MA, Brasil), durante las campañas agrícolas 2002/2003 y 2003/2004. Se recogieron 1173 larvas, con un porcentaje total de parasitismo de 17.81% que en la campaña 2002/2003 se situó en el 12,42% y en la de 2003/2004 llegó al 24,48%, valores representativos de la tasa de mortalidad. Los parasitoides que emergieron pertenecían a los órdenes Diptera e Hymenoptera, sobresaliendo Chelonus insularis (Cresson) (Chelonidae), que apareció en el 34.66% de las larvas parasitadas recogidas durante el periodo de 2003/2004, y los taquinídos Lespesia lanei (Guimarães) y Archytas incertus (Macquard), que aparecieron en 25,92% y 24,07% respectivamente, de las correspondientes al periodo 2002/2003. El resto de parasitoides observados fueron el icneumónido Eiphosoma laphymae (Costa Lima), los bracónidos Chelonus texanus (Cressson), Cotesia sp., Macrocentrus sp., Brachymeria sp., y los taquínidos Lespesia affins (Riley), Archytas incansanus (Townsend), y Archytas sp. Los himenópteros manifiestan preferencia por los primeros estadios larvarios de Spodoptera frugiperda y los dípteros por los últimos y por el estado de pupa de este modo evitan la competencia entre ambos.