Dissemin is shutting down on January 1st, 2025

Published in

Wiley, Journal of Dermatology, 10(50), p. 1353-1356, 2023

DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.16841

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Allergen‐specific immunotherapy improves alopecia totalis in a severe atopic dermatitis patient

This paper was not found in any repository, but could be made available legally by the author.
This paper was not found in any repository, but could be made available legally by the author.

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Abstract

AbstractHouse dust mite (HDM) is the most common allergen exacerbating atopic dermatitis (AD), and allergen‐specific immunotherapy (AIT) using HDM exhibited significant improvements in previous studies. Alopecia can occur as a complication of AD. Alopecia totalis (AT), a severe form of alopecia areata (AA), does not respond well to treatment and the chance of full recovery is less than 10%. For extensive hair loss, topical immunotherapy such as diphenylcyclopropenone (DPCP) is used as the first‐line treatment. However, since DPCP is a kind of contact allergen, it has the potential to exacerbate AD. A 38‐year‐old man with AD and AA visited our clinic with symptoms worsening from 3 months ago. Although taking oral methylprednisolone (8 mg/day) and cyclosporine (100 mg/day) for 3 months, he has lost over 90% of his hair and the Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI) was 43. Total serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels were 4454 kU/L (normal <100 kU/L) and the specific IgE levels for Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and Dermatophagoides farinae following ImmunoCAP® were 20.8 and 37.4 kU/L, respectively. This patient did not respond well to previous treatment and was reluctant to use long‐term steroids, so subcutaneous AIT using HDM was administered along with oral cyclosporine (100 mg/day). Topical tacrolimus was also applied to the AD lesions throughout the body. To reduce itching, nonsedative antihistamines were used if necessary. Hair loss was almost completely improved 1 year after the AIT initiation and the skin lesions of AD also improved (EASI 2.4). The specific IgE levels for D. pteronyssinus and D. farinae were 3.73 and 7.16 kU/L, respectively. Herein, we report a patient with promising results following AIT for AT with severe AD. In severe alopecic patients with AD refractory to conventional treatment, including immunosuppressants, AIT could be considered as a treatment option.