Glucose is the principal source of energy for humans and its quantification in physiological samples can diagnose or prevent diseases. Commonly, glucose determination is based on spectrophotometric-enzymatic techniques, but at least since a decade ago, electroanalytical strategies have emerged as promising alternatives providing accuracy and precision in the determination of biomolecules. This review focuses on the development of non-enzymatic methodologies based on modified electrochemical sensors with Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOF) for glucose detection sensors in physiological samples (blood and urine). Glassy carbon electrodes (GCE), carbon paste electrodes (CPE), and screen-printed electrodes (SPE) are the main transductors modified with MOF for the electrochemical oxidation of glucose, and the maximum anodic peak current is taken to the analytical signal. The reported results demonstrated that this electroanalytical approach represents a viable alternative for fast and confident analysis of the glucose molecule.