In the present era, post-ERCP pancreatitis (PEP) stands out as one of the most commonly occurring complications associated with endoscopic choledochal lithiasis extraction. The ability to predict the occurrence of such an event, particularly by utilizing absolute values and ratio dynamics of the emergency blood tests, constitutes the primary step in effectively managing a patient with a complex pathology. The study involved 134 patients who performed ERCP to extract choledochal lithiasis (n = 48 with PEP and n = 86 without PEP). The results revealed increased risks of post-ERCP pancreatitis in women and lower risks in those who benefited from manipulation of the main bile duct with the Dormia probe and dilatation balloon (OR: 2.893 CI 95%: 1.371–6.105, p = 0.005 and respectively OR: 0.346 CI 95%: 0.156–0.765, p = 0.009), without biliary stent placement. Moreover, the results brought novel elements to the literature, showing that higher values of CRPR (OR: 4.337 CI 95%: 1.945–9.668; p < 0.001), TBIR (4.004 CI 95%: 1.664–9.634; p = 0.002) and NLR post-ERCP (3.281 CI 95%: 1.490–7.221; p = 0.003) are predictive for PEP. Nevertheless, lower total bilirubin levels upon admission are predictive of PEP with an OR of 5.262 (95% confidence interval: 2.111–13.113, p < 0.001).