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Published in

Wiley, Advanced Functional Materials, 44(33), 2023

DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202214906

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Volumetric Electron Transfer from Metabolites to Chemically Doped Polymer Electrodes

This paper was not found in any repository, but could be made available legally by the author.
This paper was not found in any repository, but could be made available legally by the author.

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Abstract

AbstractThe development of sensor electrode materials for the detection of metabolites will enable point‐of‐care diagnostic devices for the monitoring and treatment of metabolic diseases such as diabetes. Current state‐of‐the‐art glucose sensing electrodes employ the organic salt tetrathiafulvene tetracyanoquinodimethane (TTF TCNQ) to receive electrons directly from enzymatic reactions of glucose. However, TTF TCNQ is insoluble in most solvents, making it challenging to deposit high‐quality electrodes. Furthermore, its hydrophobicity hinders its interface with aqueous solutions in physiological environments. To overcome these issues, TCNQ derivatives are introduced into an electron‐rich and hydrophilic conjugated polymer. Thus, a polymeric electrode is demonstrated that is easily solution processible and can undergo volumetric direct electron transfer with glucose reactions throughout its bulk. This study further elucidates the electron transfer mechanism during chemical doping and metabolite sensing reactions to inform general design rules for this new class of glucose sensing materials.