Since the dawn of humanity, the benefits of using thermal waters in various practices are evidenced, as well as its aid in the healing of injuries and improvement of metabolism. Currently, new approaches to the study of thermalism are applicable, such as the presence of microorganisms of sulfur and volcanic origin. In Latin America, studies indicate the presence of a diverse microbial ecosystem called Baregina, which is described as a type of sulfide. In this literature review, it is possible to understand the history of thermalism around the world and its implementation until today. Furthermore, the benefits of baths with sulfurous waters can be explained by the presence of distinct microbial consortiums, such as Bioglea. Benefits such as blood circulation, improvement in the lymphatic and endocrine system, tissue healing, recovery of injuries to the bones, muscles, and joints, also, performance in the gut-brain axis through microorganisms' presence. Moreover, new approaches and applications are highlighted.