Published in

Termedia Publishing, Archives of Medical Science, 2024

DOI: 10.5114/aoms/187781

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"LC Risk Score" - development and evaluation of a scale for assessing the risk of developing long COVID

This paper is made freely available by the publisher.
This paper is made freely available by the publisher.

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Abstract

IntroductionObjective: To create a valuable practical tool for evaluating the risk of LC development.Material and methods1150 patients from the Polish STOP-COVID registry (PoLoCOV study) were used to develop the risk score. The patients were ill between 03/2020 and 04/2022. To develop a clinically useful scoring model. The LC risk score was generated using the machine learning-based framework AutoScore. Patient data were first randomised into a training (70% of output) and a test (30% of output) cohorts. Due to relatively small study group, cross-validation was used. Model predictive ability was evaluated based on the ROC curve and the AUC value. The result of the risk score for a given patient was the total value of points assigned to selected variables.ResultsTo create long COVID Risk Score, eight variables were ultimately selected due to their significance and clinical value. Female gender significantly contributed to higher final outcome values, with age range 40-49, BMI <18.5 kg/m2, hospitalisation during active disease, arthralgia, myalgia as well as loss of taste and smell during infection, COVID-19 symptoms lasting at least 14 days, and unvaccinated status. The final predictive value of the developed LC risk score for a cut-off of 58 points was AUC=0.630 (95% CI: 0.571-0.688) with sensitivity - 39.80%, specificity - 85.1%, positive predictive value - 80.8%, and negative predictive value 47.3%.ConclusionsConclusions: The LC risk score might be a practical and undemanding utility that employs basic sociodemographic data, vaccination status, and symptoms during COVID-19 to assess the risk of long-COVID.