AbstractGroundwater is a major source of drinking water for millions of people across the globe. Most of these sources are reported to contain elevated levels of arsenic. Human health and ecosystems are adversely affected by arsenic‐contaminated drinking water. So, arsenic‐contaminated groundwater has become a major global health concern. This paper reviews groundwater contamination sources and gives an outline of arsenic contamination in different places in Nepal. It also critically reviews the health hazards associated with arsenic poisoning. A comparative study has been made regarding different aspects of conventional and recent technologies, and the one that is the most suitable for remediation of contaminated water has been recommended.