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SAGE Publications, Veterinary Pathology, 3(61), p. 442-452, 2023

DOI: 10.1177/03009858231214024

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Naturally acquired equine parvovirus-hepatitis is associated with a wide range of hepatic lesions in horses

Journal article published in 2023 by Mason C. Jager ORCID, Eunju Choi, Joy E. Tomlinson ORCID, Gerlinde Van de Walle
This paper was not found in any repository, but could be made available legally by the author.
This paper was not found in any repository, but could be made available legally by the author.

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Data provided by SHERPA/RoMEO

Abstract

Equine parvovirus-hepatitis (EqPV-H) is the causative agent of Theiler’s disease, or severe acute hepatic necrosis, in horses. However, it is poorly understood whether EqPV-H is associated with other histologic findings in horses with clinical liver disease. The objective of this study was to examine the prevalence and severity of EqPV-H infections in diagnostic liver samples. Archived formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) liver samples ( n = 98) from Cornell University and University of California, Davis, collected between 2007 and 2022 were evaluated for 15 individual histologic features and by EqPV-H in situ hybridization. EqPV-H was detected in 48% ( n = 47) of samples. The most common histologic features of EqPV-H-positive samples included individual hepatocyte death ( n = 40, 85%), lobular infiltrates ( n = 38, 80%), portal infiltrates ( n = 35, 74%), and ductular reaction ( n = 33, 70%). Centrilobular necrosis, portal infiltrate, and individual hepatocyte death were positively associated with high viral load. Neutrophil infiltrates, bridging fibrosis, and portal edema were negatively associated with a high viral load. Only 4 of 49 tested samples were positive for equine hepacivirus by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), but the PCR assay was unreliable for FFPE tissues. In summary, this study demonstrates that EqPV-H is common in a variety of liver pathologies and should be considered as a differential diagnosis in cases of hepatitis other than Theiler’s disease.