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Universidad Politécnica Salesiana, Retos, (54), p. 18-23, 2024

DOI: 10.47197/retos.v54.101416

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Autoconcepto físico según género en funcionarios de una universidad chilena (Physical self-concept according to gender in employees of a Chilean university)

This paper is made freely available by the publisher.
This paper is made freely available by the publisher.

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Abstract

El autoconcepto físico es uno de los principales dominios del autoconcepto general y su investigación se ha centrado principalmente en poblaciones escolares y universitarias. Con el propósito de contribuir al conocimiento del autoconcepto físico en otros contextos, el presente estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar el nivel de autoconcepto físico en funcionarios de una universidad chilena y comparar sus dimensiones entre hombres y mujeres. Participaron 429 funcionarios (M=40.70; DE=9.71 años) de los cuales 271 fueron mujeres (M=42.13; DE=9.91 años) y 158 hombres (41.73±9.38 años). Para evaluar en autoconcepto físico se aplicó el Physical Self Descripción Questionarie-Short versión para evaluar el autoconcepto físico en formato online. Los resultados mostraron que un 41.26% de los participantes tuvieron un autoconcepto bajo (11.89%) y medio (29.37%). En la comparación según género, se encontraron diferencias en el autoconcepto físico total (p=.013; ε²= .014) y en las dimensiones vida activa (p<.001; ε²= .036), apariencia (p=.029; ε²= .011), (p=.013; ε²= .014), resistencia (p<.001; ε²= .048), deporte (p<.001; ε²= .080) y fuerza (p<.001; ε²= .052). Las mujeres presentaron mejor autoconcepto en la dimensión apariencia y los hombres presentaron mejor autoconcepto en las otras dimensiones señaladas. Se observan bajos niveles de autoconcepto físico en hombres y mujeres. De manera general, los hombres presentan un mayor autoconcepto físico que las mujeres. En base a los señalado, se recomienda aplicar programas de actividad física y manejo del estrés para mejorar el autoconcepto físico en los funcionarios de la universidad. Palabras clave: Autoestima, autoconcepto físico, salud mental, trabajadores. Abstract. Physical self-concept is one of the main domains of general self-concept and his research has focused primarily on school and university populations. In order to contribute to the knowledge of physical self-concept in other contexts, the present study aimed to determine the level of physical self-concept in Chilean university employees and to compare its dimensions between men and women employees of a Chilean university. A total of 429 staff members participated (M=40.70; SD=9.71 years), of which 271 were women (M=42.13; SD=9.91 years) and 158 men (41.73±9.38 years). To assess physical self-concept, the Physical Self Description Questionarie-Short version was applied to assess physical self-concept in online format. The results showed that 41.26% of the participants had a low (11.89%) and medium (29.37%) self-concept. In the comparison according to gender, differences were found in total physical self-concept (p=.013; ε²= .014) and in the dimensions of active life (p<.001; ε²= .036), appearance (p=.029; ε²= .011), (p=.013; ε²= .014), endurance (p<.001; ε²= .048), sport (p<.001; ε²= .080) and strength (p<.001; ε²= .052). Women presented a better self-concept in the appearance dimension and men presented a better self-concept in the other dimensions indicated. Low levels of physical self-concept are observed in both men and women. In general, men have a higher physical self-concept than women. Based on the above, it is recommended to apply physical activity and stress management programs to improve the physical self-concept of university employees. Keywords: Self-esteem, Physic self-concept, mental health, workers.