Abstract Objective: to analyze the trend in hospitalization rates for mental and behavioral disorders due to alcohol use (ICD-10: F10.0), Brazil and its five regions, 2010-2020. Methods: this was an ecological time-series study using data from the Hospital Information System of the Brazilian National Health System; to calculate the trend in hospitalizations, we used the Prais-Winsten generalized linear regression model and the Stata Statistical Software 14.0; a decreasing trend was considered when p-value < 0.05, and the regression coefficient was negative. Results: in the period analyzed, there were 423,290 hospitalizations for mental and behavioral disorders due to alcohol use in the country; the data analyzed showed a decreasing trend in adult hospitalization rates for this cause in the country (p-value < 0.001; 95%CI -0.094;-0.079) and in all its regions, for both sexes (p-value < 0.001). Conclusion: hospitalizations for mental and behavioral disorders due to alcohol use have reduced in Brazil and in its macro-regions.