Aims. The X-ray luminous and radio-loud active galactic nucleus (AGN) SRGE J170245.3+130104 discovered at z ∼ 5.5 provides unique chances to probe the growth and evolution of a supermassice black hole (SMBH) with powerful jets in the early Universe. Methods. We present 1.35 − 5.1 GHz Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA) results regarding the radio continuum emission and a spectral analysis of this quasar in a low-flux-density state. Results. This source is unresolved at three frequencies, with total flux densities of 8.35 ± 0.09 Jy beam⁻¹, 7.47 ± 0.08 Jy beam⁻¹, and 6.57 ± 0.02 Jy beam⁻¹ at 1.73 GHz, 2.26 GHz, and 4.87 GHz, respectively. Meanwhile, the brightness temperature is higher than 10⁹ K. Conclusions. Compared with previous radio observations with arcsecond-scale resolution, nearly all the radio emission from this source is concentrated in the very central milliarcsecond (mas) scale area. We confirm this source is a bright blazar at z > 5. This young AGN provides a great opportunity to understand the mechanisms behind the generation of strong jets in the early Universe.