Key messageWe present a relational database containing compositional and structural characteristics of 575 permanent 100 m² shrubland plots distributed in the NE of Iberian peninsula. The datasets provide valuable information about shrubland fuels to improve fire danger prediction, study vegetation dynamics in relation to drought and fire or test aerial-based methodologies with ground-based information. Dataset access is at : https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7685487 and associated metadata are available at https://metadata-afs.nancy.inra.fr/geonetwork/srv/fre/catalog.search#/metadata/f55fcde4-113e-40f9-9a35-a2e65b0ee951.