Chirality is a common occurrence in nature and forms a critical basis for life. The unique optical activity of chiral nanomaterials plays an important role in the nanobiology field, particularly in the regulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), both in cells and in vivo. By regulating ROS, chiral nanomaterials can achieve numerous biological effects. Herein, progression in the application of chiral nanomaterials in the field of bioscience is introduced. First, the strategies used to construct different types of ROS‐related chiral nanomaterials are introduced. Then, the biological effects that can be achieved using chiral nanomaterials to regulate ROS are reviewed. Finally, the key issues and future prospects of chiral nanomaterials in the regulation of ROS are discussed.