Response actions to the coronavirus disease 2019 perturbed economies and carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ) emissions. The Omicron variant that emerged in 2022 caused more substantial infections than in 2020 and 2021 but it has not yet been ascertained whether Omicron interrupted the temporary post-2021 rebound of CO ₂ emissions. Here, using satellite nitrogen dioxide observations combined with atmospheric inversion, we show a larger decline in China’s CO ₂ emissions between January and April 2022 than in those months during the first wave of 2020. China’s CO ₂ emissions are estimated to have decreased by 15% (equivalent to −244.3 million metric tons of CO ₂ ) during the 2022 lockdown, greater than the 9% reduction during the 2020 lockdown. Omicron affected most of the populated and industrial provinces in 2022, hindering China’s CO ₂ emissions rebound starting from 2021. China’s emission variations agreed with downstream CO ₂ concentration changes, indicating a potential to monitor CO ₂ emissions by integrating satellite and ground measurements.