Over the past decade, medical imaging technologies have become increasingly significant in both clinical and preclinical research, leading to a better understanding of disease processes and the development of new diagnostic and theranostic methods. Radiomic and radiogenomic approaches have furthered this progress by exploring the relationship between imaging characteristics, genomic information, and outcomes that qualitative interpretations may have overlooked, offering valuable insights for personalized medicine. Preclinical research allows for a controlled environment where various aspects of a pathology can be replicated in animal models, providing radiomic and radiogenomic approaches with the unique opportunity to investigate the causal connection between imaging and molecular factors. The aim of this review is to present the current state of the art in the application of radiomics and radiogenomics on murine models. This review will provide a brief description of relevant articles found in the literature with a discussion on the implications and potential translational relevance of these findings.