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National Academy of Sciences, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 49(120), 2023

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2314542120

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Nanoscale chemical imaging with structured X-ray illumination

Journal article published in 2023 by Jizhou Li ORCID, Si Chen, Daniel Ratner, Thierry Blu, Piero Pianetta ORCID, Yijin Liu ORCID
This paper is made freely available by the publisher.
This paper is made freely available by the publisher.

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Abstract

High-resolution imaging with compositional and chemical sensitivity is crucial for a wide range of scientific and engineering disciplines. Although synchrotron X-ray imaging through spectromicroscopy has been tremendously successful and broadly applied, it encounters challenges in achieving enhanced detection sensitivity, satisfactory spatial resolution, and high experimental throughput simultaneously. In this work, based on structured illumination, we develop a single-pixel X-ray imaging approach coupled with a generative image reconstruction model for mapping the compositional heterogeneity with nanoscale resolvability. This method integrates a full-field transmission X-ray microscope with an X-ray fluorescence detector and eliminates the need for nanoscale X-ray focusing and raster scanning. We experimentally demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach by imaging a battery sample composed of mixed cathode materials and successfully retrieving the compositional variations of the imaged cathode particles. Bridging the gap between structural and chemical characterizations using X-rays, this technique opens up vast opportunities in the fields of biology, environmental, and materials science, especially for radiation-sensitive samples.