The objective of this study was to meticulously examine the diverse vocal rehabilitation techniques that are employed following total laryngectomy, with emphasis on their implications on patients’ quality of life and on the determinants influencing the selection of one technique over another. We embarked on a comprehensive literature review, which concentrated on three primary rehabilitation approaches: tracheoesophageal puncture (TEP) accompanied by a vocal prosthesis, esophageal speech acquisition, and electrolarynx utilization. The outcomes assessed included quality of life, functional performance, communication effectiveness, patient satisfaction, and factors governing the choice of technique, such as patient demographics, disease stage, and treatment history. Our findings demonstrated that TEP with vocal prosthesis yielded the most favorable overall quality of life and patient satisfaction. Individuals who underwent TEP exhibited superior speech intelligibility, voice quality, and communication ease compared with those who employed esophageal speech acquisition or electrolarynx utilization. While esophageal speech learning exhibited inferior speech quality and functional performance, it offered cost-effectiveness and diminished maintenance advantages. Electrolarynx utilization emerged as the least preferred approach due to suboptimal speech intelligibility and voice quality. The determinants influencing the choice of vocal rehabilitation technique included patient age, sex, disease stage, and previous treatment history. Patient preferences also substantially contributed to the selection of a specific technique. It is essential for clinicians to consider individual factors and patient inclinations when deliberating on an appropriate vocal rehabilitation method following total laryngectomy. Our investigation underscores the significance of collaborative decision making between clinicians and patients to pinpoint the most fitting rehabilitation technique. Future research endeavors should be directed towards enhancing existing approaches, devising innovative methods, and probing long-term outcomes and cost-effectiveness to optimize patient care in the aftermath of total laryngectomy.