ObjectiveTo develop a list of tests or treatments frequently used in pediatric rheumatology practice that may be unnecessary based on existing evidence.MethodsA Choosing Wisely (CW) working group composed of 16 pediatric rheumatologists, 1 allied health professional, 1 parent, and 1 patient used the Delphi method to generate, rank, and refine a list of tests and treatments that may be unnecessary or harmful. The items with the highest content agreement and perceived impact were presented in a survey to all Canadian Rheumatology Association (CRA) physicians who practice pediatric rheumatology. Respondents were asked to rate their agreement and impact, and to rank the items. Five items with the highest composite scores and 2 additional items selected by the CW working group were put forward for literature review.ResultsThe initial Delphi procedure generated 80 items. After 3 rounds, the list was narrowed to 13 items. The survey was completed by 41/81 (51%) CRA pediatric members across Canada. Respondent characteristics were similar to those of the CRA pediatric membership for self-reported gender, geographical location, and career stage. The highest composite score items were antinuclear antibody testing, drug toxicity monitoring, HLA-B27 testing, rheumatoid factor/anticyclic citrullinated peptide testing, and Lyme serology testing. Two additional items (numerous or repeated intraarticular corticosteroid injections, and autoinflammatory diseases genetic testing) were also selected. Literature review was performed for these 7 highest priority items.ConclusionWe have identified areas for quality improvement in the evaluation and treatment of rheumatic diseases in Canadian children.