Objective We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the prevalence of high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) infection and its associated risk factors among Nigerian women. Methods Databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and CINAHL were searched for studies published between 01 January 2001 and 31 December 2022, that had reported hrHPV infection and associated risk factors among women in Nigeria from ages of 25 to 65 years. Results Of the 136 records initially retrieved, 18 were eligible for analysis. The prevalence of hrHPV genotypes was 25%, and for hrHPV 16 and 18, were 9% and 10%, respectively. The prevalence of hrHPV among HIV+ve women was 71%. The most common risk factors for hrHPV were age at coitarche and multiple sex partners. Conclusion hrHPV prevalence is high in women in Nigeria and common among those HIV+ve. Rapid screening for hrHPV genotypes is recommended, and multivalent HPV vaccines should be considered for women.