AbstractBackgroundLower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) are highly prevalent and very bothersome. To support the best possible allocation of health care resources and to avoid unnecessary expenditures, it is important to understand and quantify the wide‐ranging health care costs affecting people suffering from LUTS. We aimed at creating a foundation for exploring the cost of LUTS.MethodIn this systematic literature review, we explored the costs of illness of the LUTS umbrella. We used the online literature review tool Silvi.ai for transparent decision‐making and literature management.ResultsA total of 1821 original articles were screened. Forty had explored the cost of illness of a LUTS disease since 2013. The studies were conducted in 18 countries. A number of different study designs were applied, including both retrospective and prospective studies. In total, seven LUTS indications were explored. None of them focused on lifelong LUTS. None of them were conducted in infants or children. Eighty‐two percent were conducted in adults and 18% in frail elderly. Most cost of illness studies focused on the cost of hospitalization and use of medicine.ConclusionWe have created the groundwork for understanding the cost of LUTS illness. To fully understand the cost of illness of lifelong LUTS, the main gap in research is to investigate the cost of LUTS in infants and children.