Phloroglucinols comprise polyphenolic compounds abundantly present in biological systems, which are synthesized and accumulated by plants, microorganisms, and marine organisms of different families. Interesting biological activities are associated with these compounds endowed with unique structural characteristics. Because of this, they have become attractive for studies in several areas, such as chemistry and pharmacology. Despite the existence of reputable reviews on phloroglucinol and its derivative compounds, updates on the subject are constant and there are still unexplored specificities of these polyphenols in the literature. Therefore, the present review compiled data on monomeric derivatives of acylphloroglucinols isolated from natural sources. These compounds were grouped into classes considering the oxidation of the central 1,3,5-trihydroxybenzene (THB) ring. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopic data and biological activities reported in the literature were associated with the cataloged metabolites considering publications from 1965 to 2022.