The 2014 Alma Long Baseline Campaign: An Overview

Partnership, Alma; Fomalont, E. B.; Vlahakis, C.; Corder, S.; Remijan, A.; Barkats, D.; Lucas, R.; Hunter, T. R.; Brogan, C. L.; Asaki, Y.; Matsushita, S.; Dent, W. R. F.; Hills, R. E.; Phillips, N.; Richards, A. M. S.; Cox, P.; Amestica, R.; Broguiere, D.; Cotton, W.; Hales, A. S.; Hiriart, R.; Hirota, A.; Hodge, J. A.; Impellizzeri, C. M. V.; Kern, J.; Kneissl, R.; Liuzzo, E.; Marcelino, N.; Marson, R.; Mignano, A.; Nakanishi, K.; Nikolic, B.; Perez, J. E.; Pérez, L. M.; Toledo, I.; Aladro, R.; Butler, B.; Cortes, J.; Cortes, P.; Dhawan, V.; Francesco, J. Di; Espada, D.; Galarza, F.; Garcia-Appadoo, D.; Guzman-Ramirez, L.; Humphreys, E. M.; Jung, T.; Kameno, S.; Laing, R. A.; Leon, S.; Mangum, J.; Marconi, G.; Nagai, H.; Nyman, L.-A.; Radiszcz, M.; Rodón, J. A.; Sawada, T.; Takahashi, S.; Tilanus, R. P. J.; Kempen, T. van; Vilaro, B. Vila; Watson, L. C.; Wiklind, T.; Gueth, F.; Tatematsu, K.; Wootten, A.; Castro-Carrizo, A.; Chapillon, E.; Dumas, G.; de Gregorio-Monsalvo, I.; Francke, H.; Gallardo, J.; Garcia, J.; Gonzalez, S.; Hibbard, J. E.; Hill, T.; Kaminski, T.; Karim, A.; Krips, M.; Kurono, Y.; Lopez, C.; Martin, S.; Maud, L.; Morales, F.; Pietu, V.; Plarre, K.; Schieven, G.; Testi, L.; Videla, L.; Villard, E.; Whyborn, N.; Zwaan, M. A.; Alves, F.; Andreani, P.; Avison, A.; Barta, M.; Bedosti, F.; Bendo, G. J.; Bertoldi, F.; Bethermin, M.; Biggs, A.; Boissier, J.; Brand, J.; Burkutean, S.; Casasola, V.; Conway, J.; Cortese, L.; Dabrowski, B.; Davis, T. A.; Trigo, M. Diaz; Fontani, F.; Franco-Hernandez, R.; Fuller, G.; Madrid, R. Galvan; Giannetti, A.; Ginsburg, A.; Graves, S. F.; Hatziminaoglou, E.; Hogerheijde, M.; Jachym, P.; Serra, I. Jimenez; Karlicky, M.; Klaasen, P.; Kraus, M.; Kunneriath, D.; Lagos, C.; Longmore, S.; Leurini, S.; Maercker, M.; Magnelli, B.; Vidal, I. Marti; Massardi, M.; Maury, A.; Muehle, S.; Muller, S.; Muxlow, T.; O’Gorman, E.; Paladino, R.; Petry, D.; Pineda, J.; Randall, S.; Richer, J. S.; Rossetti, A.; Rushton, A.; Rygl, K.; Monge, A. Sanchez; Schaaf, R.; Schilke, P.; Stanke, T.; Schmalzl, M.; Stoehr, F.; Urban, S.; Kampen, E. van; Vlemmings, W.; Wang, K.; Wild, W.; Yang, Y.; Iguchi, S.; Hasegawa, T.; Saito, M.; Inatani, J.; Mizuno, N.; Asayama, S.; Kosugi, G.; Morita, K.-I.; Chiba, K.; Kawashima, S.; Okumura, S. K.; Ohashi, N.; Ogasawara, R.; Sakamoto, S.; Noguchi, T.; Huang, Y.-D.; Liu, S.-Y.; Kemper, F.; Koch, P. M.; Chen, M.-T.; Chikada, Y.; Hiramatsu, M.; Iono, D.; Shimojo, M.; Komugi, S.; Kim, J.; Lyo, A.-R.; Muller, E.; Herrera, C.; Miura, R. E.; Ueda, J.; Chibueze, J.; Su, Y.-N.; Trejo-Cruz, A.; Wang, K.-S.; Kiuchi, H.; Ukita, N.; Sugimoto, M.; Kawabe, R.; Hayashi, M.; Miyama, S.; Ho, P. T. P.; Kaifu, N.; Ishiguro, M.; Beasley, A. J.; Bhatnagar, S.; Iii, J. A. Braatz; Brisbin, D. G.; Brunetti, N.; Carilli, C.; Crossley, J. H.; D’Addario, L.; Meyer, J. L. Donovan; Emerson, D. T.; Evans, A. S.; Fisher, P.; Golap, K.; Griffith, D. M.; Hale, A. E.; Halstead, D.; Hardy, E. J.; Hatz, M. C.; Holdaway, M.; Indebetouw, R.; Jewell, P. R.; Kepley, A. A.; Kim, D.-C.; Lacy, M. D.; Leroy, A. K.; Liszt, H. S.; Lonsdale, C. J.; Matthews, B.; McKinnon, M.; Mason, B. S.; Moellenbrock, G.; Moullet, A.; Myers, S. T.; Ott, J.; Peck, A. B.; Pisano, J.; Radford, S. J. E.; Randolph, W. T.; Venkata, U. Rao; Rawlings, M. G.; Rosen, R.; Schnee, S. L.; Scott, K. S.; Sharp, N. K.; Sheth, K.; Simon, R. S.; Tsutsumi, T.; Wood, S. J.

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Catherine Vlahakis
Partnership et al., 2015

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American Astronomical Society, Astrophysical Journal Letters, 1(808), p. L1, 2015

DOI: 10.1088/2041-8205/808/1/l1

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@article{Partnership2015,
  abstract = {A major goal of the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) is to make accurate images with resolutions of tens of milliarcseconds, which at submillimeter (submm) wavelengths requires baselines up to ~15 km. To develop and test this capability, a Long Baseline Campaign (LBC) was carried out from September to late November 2014, culminating in end-to-end observations, calibrations, and imaging of selected Science Verification (SV) targets. This paper presents an overview of the campaign and its main results, including an investigation of the short-term coherence properties and systematic phase errors over the long baselines at the ALMA site, a summary of the SV targets and observations, and recommendations for science observing strategies at long baselines. Deep ALMA images of the quasar 3C138 at 97 and 241 GHz are also compared to VLA 43 GHz results, demonstrating an agreement at a level of a few percent. As a result of the extensive program of LBC testing, the highly successful SV imaging at long baselines achieved angular resolutions as fine as 19 mas at ~350 GHz. Observing with ALMA on baselines of up to 15 km is now possible, and opens up new parameter space for submm astronomy.},
  author = {Partnership, Alma and Fomalont, E. B. and Vlahakis, C. and Corder, S. and Remijan, A. and Barkats, D. and Lucas, R. and Hunter, T. R. and Brogan, C. L. and Asaki, Y. and Matsushita, S. and Dent, W. R. F. and Hills, R. E. and Phillips, N. and Richards, A. M. S. and Cox, P. and Amestica, R. and Broguiere, D. and Cotton, W. and Hales, A. S. and Hiriart, R. and Hirota, A. and Hodge, J. A. and Impellizzeri, C. M. V. and Kern, J. and Kneissl, R. and Liuzzo, E. and Marcelino, N. and Marson, R. and Mignano, A. and Nakanishi, K. and Nikolic, B. and Perez, J. E. and Pérez, L. M. and Toledo, I. and Aladro, R. and Butler, B. and Cortes, J. and Cortes, P. and Dhawan, V. and Francesco, J. Di and Espada, D. and Galarza, F. and Garcia-Appadoo, D. and Guzman-Ramirez, L. and Humphreys, E. M. and Jung, T. and Kameno, S. and Laing, R. A. and Leon, S. and Mangum, J. and Marconi, G. and Nagai, H. and Nyman, L.-A. and Radiszcz, M. and Rodón, J. A. and Sawada, T. and Takahashi, S. and Tilanus, R. P. J. and Kempen, T. van and Vilaro, B. Vila and Watson, L. C. and Wiklind, T. and Gueth, F. and Tatematsu, K. and Wootten, A. and Castro-Carrizo, A. and Chapillon, E. and Dumas, G. and de Gregorio-Monsalvo, I. and Francke, H. and Gallardo, J. and Garcia, J. and Gonzalez, S. and Hibbard, J. E. and Hill, T. and Kaminski, T. and Karim, A. and Krips, M. and Kurono, Y. and Lopez, C. and Martin, S. and Maud, L. and Morales, F. and Pietu, V. and Plarre, K. and Schieven, G. and Testi, L. and Videla, L. and Villard, E. and Whyborn, N. and Zwaan, M. A. and Alves, F. and Andreani, P. and Avison, A. and Barta, M. and Bedosti, F. and Bendo, G. J. and Bertoldi, F. and Bethermin, M. and Biggs, A. and Boissier, J. and Brand, J. and Burkutean, S. and Casasola, V. and Conway, J. and Cortese, L. and Dabrowski, B. and Davis, T. A. and Trigo, M. Diaz and Fontani, F. and Franco-Hernandez, R. and Fuller, G. and Madrid, R. Galvan and Giannetti, A. and Ginsburg, A. and Graves, S. F. and Hatziminaoglou, E. and Hogerheijde, M. and Jachym, P. and Serra, I. Jimenez and Karlicky, M. and Klaasen, P. and Kraus, M. and Kunneriath, D. and Lagos, C. and Longmore, S. and Leurini, S. and Maercker, M. and Magnelli, B. and Vidal, I. Marti and Massardi, M. and Maury, A. and Muehle, S. and Muller, S. and Muxlow, T. and O’Gorman, E. and Paladino, R. and Petry, D. and Pineda, J. and Randall, S. and Richer, J. S. and Rossetti, A. and Rushton, A. and Rygl, K. and Monge, A. Sanchez and Schaaf, R. and Schilke, P. and Stanke, T. and Schmalzl, M. and Stoehr, F. and Urban, S. and Kampen, E. van and Vlemmings, W. and Wang, K. and Wild, W. and Yang, Y. and Iguchi, S. and Hasegawa, T. and Saito, M. and Inatani, J. and Mizuno, N. and Asayama, S. and Kosugi, G. and Morita, K.-I. and Chiba, K. and Kawashima, S. and Okumura, S. K. and Ohashi, N. and Ogasawara, R. and Sakamoto, S. and Noguchi, T. and Huang, Y.-D. and Liu, S.-Y. and Kemper, F. and Koch, P. M. and Chen, M.-T. and Chikada, Y. and Hiramatsu, M. and Iono, D. and Shimojo, M. and Komugi, S. and Kim, J. and Lyo, A.-R. and Muller, E. and Herrera, C. and Miura, R. E. and Ueda, J. and Chibueze, J. and Su, Y.-N. and Trejo-Cruz, A. and Wang, K.-S. and Kiuchi, H. and Ukita, N. and Sugimoto, M. and Kawabe, R. and Hayashi, M. and Miyama, S. and Ho, P. T. P. and Kaifu, N. and Ishiguro, M. and Beasley, A. J. and Bhatnagar, S. and Iii, J. A. Braatz and Brisbin, D. G. and Brunetti, N. and Carilli, C. and Crossley, J. H. and D’Addario, L. and Meyer, J. L. Donovan and Emerson, D. T. and Evans, A. S. and Fisher, P. and Golap, K. and Griffith, D. M. and Hale, A. E. and Halstead, D. and Hardy, E. J. and Hatz, M. C. and Holdaway, M. and Indebetouw, R. and Jewell, P. R. and Kepley, A. A. and Kim, D.-C. and Lacy, M. D. and Leroy, A. K. and Liszt, H. S. and Lonsdale, C. J. and Matthews, B. and McKinnon, M. and Mason, B. S. and Moellenbrock, G. and Moullet, A. and Myers, S. T. and Ott, J. and Peck, A. B. and Pisano, J. and Radford, S. J. E. and Randolph, W. T. and Venkata, U. Rao and Rawlings, M. G. and Rosen, R. and Schnee, S. L. and Scott, K. S. and Sharp, N. K. and Sheth, K. and Simon, R. S. and Tsutsumi, T. and Wood, S. J.},
  doi = {10.1088/2041-8205/808/1/l1},
  journal = {Astrophysical Journal Letters},
  month = {jul},
  pages = {L1},
  title = {The 2014 Alma Long Baseline Campaign: An Overview},
  url = {https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/2041-8205/808/1/L1/pdf},
  volume = {808},
  year = {2015}
}

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The 2014 Alma Long Baseline Campaign: An Overview

Journal article published in 2015 by Alma Partnership, E. B. Fomalont, C. Vlahakis

, S. Corder, A. Remijan, D. Barkats

, R. Lucas, T. R. Hunter

, C. L. Brogan

, Y. Asaki

, S. Matsushita, W. R. F. Dent, R. E. Hills, N. Phillips, A. M. S. Richards and other authors. Alma Partnership, E. B. Fomalont, C. Vlahakis

, S. Corder, A. Remijan, D. Barkats

, R. Lucas, T. R. Hunter

, C. L. Brogan

, Y. Asaki

, S. Matsushita, W. R. F. Dent, R. E. Hills, N. Phillips, A. M. S. Richards, P. Cox, R. Amestica, D. Broguiere, W. Cotton, A. S. Hales, R. Hiriart, A. Hirota, J. A. Hodge, C. M. V. Impellizzeri

, J. Kern, R. Kneissl

, E. Liuzzo, N. Marcelino, R. Marson, A. Mignano, K. Nakanishi, B. Nikolic, J. E. Perez, L. M. Pérez, I. Toledo, R. Aladro, B. Butler, J. Cortes, P. Cortes, V. Dhawan, J. Di Francesco

, D. Espada, F. Galarza, D. Garcia-Appadoo, L. Guzman-Ramirez

, E. M. Humphreys, T. Jung, S. Kameno, R. A. Laing, S. Leon, J. Mangum, G. Marconi, H. Nagai, L.-A. Nyman, M. Radiszcz, J. A. Rodón, T. Sawada, S. Takahashi, R. P. J. Tilanus, T. van Kempen

, B. Vila Vilaro

, L. C. Watson, T. Wiklind

, F. Gueth, K. Tatematsu

, A. Wootten, A. Castro-Carrizo, E. Chapillon, G. Dumas

, I. de Gregorio-Monsalvo

, H. Francke, J. Gallardo, J. Garcia, S. Gonzalez, J. E. Hibbard, T. Hill, T. Kaminski, A. Karim

, M. Krips, Y. Kurono, C. Lopez, S. Martin, L. Maud, F. Morales, V. Pietu, K. Plarre, G. Schieven, L. Testi, L. Videla, E. Villard, N. Whyborn, M. A. Zwaan, F. Alves

, P. Andreani, A. Avison, M. Barta, F. Bedosti, G. J. Bendo, F. Bertoldi, M. Bethermin

, A. Biggs, J. Boissier

, J. Brand, S. Burkutean, V. Casasola, J. Conway, L. Cortese

, B. Dabrowski

, T. A. Davis, M. Diaz Trigo

, F. Fontani

, R. Franco-Hernandez, G. Fuller, R. Galvan Madrid, A. Giannetti, A. Ginsburg

, S. F. Graves, E. Hatziminaoglou

, M. Hogerheijde

, P. Jachym

, I. Jimenez Serra, M. Karlicky, P. Klaasen, M. Kraus

, D. Kunneriath, C. Lagos, S. Longmore, S. Leurini, M. Maercker, B. Magnelli

, I. Marti Vidal, M. Massardi, A. Maury, S. Muehle, S. Muller, T. Muxlow, E. O’Gorman, R. Paladino

, D. Petry, J. Pineda, S. Randall, J. S. Richer, A. Rossetti, A. Rushton, K. Rygl, A. Sanchez Monge, R. Schaaf, P. Schilke, T. Stanke, M. Schmalzl, F. Stoehr, S. Urban, E. van Kampen, W. Vlemmings, K. Wang

, W. Wild, Y. Yang, S. Iguchi, T. Hasegawa, M. Saito, J. Inatani, N. Mizuno, S. Asayama, G. Kosugi, K.-I. Morita, K. Chiba, S. Kawashima, S. K. Okumura, N. Ohashi, R. Ogasawara, S. Sakamoto, T. Noguchi, Y.-D. Huang, S.-Y. Liu, F. Kemper, P. M. Koch, M.-T. Chen, Y. Chikada, M. Hiramatsu, D. Iono, M. Shimojo

, S. Komugi, J. Kim, A.-R. Lyo, E. Muller, C. Herrera, R. E. Miura, J. Ueda, J. Chibueze, Y.-N. Su, A. Trejo-Cruz, K.-S. Wang, H. Kiuchi, N. Ukita, M. Sugimoto, R. Kawabe, M. Hayashi, S. Miyama, P. T. P. Ho, N. Kaifu, M. Ishiguro, A. J. Beasley, S. Bhatnagar, J. A. Braatz Iii, D. G. Brisbin, N. Brunetti, C. Carilli, J. H. Crossley, L. D’Addario, J. L. Donovan Meyer, D. T. Emerson, A. S. Evans, P. Fisher, K. Golap, D. M. Griffith, A. E. Hale, D. Halstead, E. J. Hardy, M. C. Hatz, M. Holdaway, R. Indebetouw, P. R. Jewell, A. A. Kepley, D.-C. Kim, M. D. Lacy, A. K. Leroy, H. S. Liszt, C. J. Lonsdale, B. Matthews, M. McKinnon, B. S. Mason, G. Moellenbrock, A. Moullet, S. T. Myers, J. Ott, A. B. Peck, J. Pisano, S. J. E. Radford, W. T. Randolph, U. Rao Venkata, M. G. Rawlings

, R. Rosen, S. L. Schnee, K. S. Scott, N. K. Sharp, K. Sheth, R. S. Simon, T. Tsutsumi, S. J. Wood

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Abstract

A major goal of the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) is to make accurate images with resolutions of tens of milliarcseconds, which at submillimeter (submm) wavelengths requires baselines up to ~15 km. To develop and test this capability, a Long Baseline Campaign (LBC) was carried out from September to late November 2014, culminating in end-to-end observations, calibrations, and imaging of selected Science Verification (SV) targets. This paper presents an overview of the campaign and its main results, including an investigation of the short-term coherence properties and systematic phase errors over the long baselines at the ALMA site, a summary of the SV targets and observations, and recommendations for science observing strategies at long baselines. Deep ALMA images of the quasar 3C138 at 97 and 241 GHz are also compared to VLA 43 GHz results, demonstrating an agreement at a level of a few percent. As a result of the extensive program of LBC testing, the highly successful SV imaging at long baselines achieved angular resolutions as fine as 19 mas at ~350 GHz. Observing with ALMA on baselines of up to 15 km is now possible, and opens up new parameter space for submm astronomy.

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The 2014 Alma Long Baseline Campaign: An Overview

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