Royal Society of Chemistry, Nanoscale Advances, 16(3), p. 4702-4713, 2021
DOI: 10.1039/d1na00359c
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Initial near-equilibrium sodiation in anatase TiO2 sequentially includes: (1) irreversible phase transition; (2) structural relaxation into amorphous and low-crystallinity products; (3) generation of metallic titanium and sodium plating.