This study reviewed the head and neck cancer diagnosis publications using dual-energy computed tomography (DECT). The qualitative and quantitative analysis of the data was DECT obtained using intravenous contrast enhancement for localized tumors, which shows the importance of constructing iodine maps for obtaining additional diagnostic information. Including the article is described aspects of improving visualization of the oropharyngeal region against the background of artifacts from dental implants. Several research articles highlight the current state of the issue and the role of post-processing of raw data DECT, obtaining a range of monochromatic images of a tumor and other pathological changes in the head and neck region in the article. Several learned treatises were also reflected. DECT with intravenous contrast enhancement and routine computed tomography to reduce radiation exposure to patients were compared particularly due to the possibility of obtaining virtual native diagnostic images from a contrasting series of DECT volumes during post-processing. In addition, this review also includes references to works that highlight the development of DECT as the method. Finally, the physical principles underlying DECT and the prospects for the development of the method are briefly represented.