Abstract Background Tumour associated macrophages (TAMs) and tumour infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are considered dominant cells in glioblastoma microenvironment. Aim The purpose of this study was to assess the expression of CD204^{+ M2}-polarized TAMs in glioblastomas and their relationship with CD4⁺TILs, Iba⁺microglia, and IDH1 mutation. We also exploreed the prognostic value of these markers on the recurrence-free interval (RFI). Methods The expressions of CD204⁺TAMs, CD4⁺TILs, and Iba1⁺microglia were quantitively assessed in 45 glioblastomas using immunohistochemistry. Kaplan–Meier analysis and Cox hazards were used to examine the relationship between these factors. Results CD204⁺TAMs were highly expressed in 32 tumours (71%) and the remaining 13 tumours (29%) had reduced expression. CD4⁺TILs were highly expressed in 10 cases (22%) and 35 cases (77.8%) had low expression. There was an inverse correlation between CD204⁺TAMs and CD4⁺TILs, in which 85% of tumours had a high expression of CD204⁺TAMs and a low expression of CD4⁺TILs. Nevertheless, there was no significant difference in IDH1 mutation status between the two groups (p = 0.779). There was a significant difference in Iba1⁺microglial activation between IDH1^mutant and IDH1^wildtype groups (p = 0.031). For cases with a high expression of CD204⁺TAMs and a low expression of CD4⁺TILs, there was a significant difference in RFI after treatment with chemoradiotherapy or radiotherapy (p = 0.030). Conclusion Glioblastoma with a dense CD204⁺TAMs and few CD4⁺TILs is associated with IDH1^wildtype. These findings suggest that TAMs masks tumour cell and suppress T-cell tumoricidal functions via immunomodulatory mechanisms. Blockade of the CD204-TAM receptor may prevent this mechanism and allow the evolution of TILs.