Agroecological products have been demanded by the population due to their low environmental impact. Faced with the demand, Lippia rotundifolia Cham., belong to the Verbenaceae family, is an aromatic species from the Brazilian Cerrado with high biological potential. Due to its effectiveness, we goal to evaluate the content and chemical characterization of the essential oil of Lippia rotundifolia Cham. as well as to evaluate its potential as an agroecological larvicide against Aedes aegypti Linn. Larvae. To achieve this goal the essential oil was obtaneid by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatography coupled to the mass spectrometer. The larvae of Aedes aegypti Linn. were exposed to the hydrolate and in different concentrations of essential oil (300, 250, 125, 62.5 e 31.25 µg.mL-1). The essential oil presented a content of 3.09%. The chemical analysis detected 27 compounds. The major compound was myrcene (15.52%). All treatments presented larvicidal activity with strong sedative action. The lowest concentration after 24h presented more than 80% of mortality. The lethal concentration was 232 µg.mL-1. The Lippia rotundifolia Cham. features 3,09% essential oil content. The mircene, (Z)-tagetone and β-caryophyllene compoundes are the chemical representatives of the species. The species has potential against mosquito larvae Aedes aegypti Linn., it can be used in the formulation of larvicidal products to control its population.