Abstract A diagnostic system was developed for spectrally resolved, three-dimensional tomographic reconstruction of Hall thruster plasmas, and local intensity profiles of Xe I and Xe II emissions were reconstructed. In this diagnostic system, 28 virtual cameras were generated using a single, fixed charge-coupled device camera by rotating the Hall thruster to form a sufficient number of lines of sight. The Phillips–Tikhonov regularization algorithm was used to reconstruct local emission profiles from the line-integrated emission signals. The reconstruction performance was evaluated using both azimuthally symmetric and asymmetric synthetic phantom images including 5% Gaussian white noise, which resulted in a root-mean-square error of the reconstruction within an order of 10⁻³ even for a 1% difference in the azimuthal intensity distribution. Using the developed system, three-dimensional local profiles of Xe II emission (541.9 nm) from radiative decay of the excited state 5p⁴(³P₂)6p²[3]°_5/2 and Xe I emission (881.9 nm) from 5p⁵(²P°_3/2)6p²[5/2]₃ were obtained, and two different shapes were found depending on the wavelength and the distance from the thruster exit plane. In particular, a stretched central jet structure was distinctively observed in the Xe II emission profile beyond 10 mm from the thruster exit, while gradual broadening was found in the Xe I emission. Approximately 10% azimuthal nonuniformities were observed in the local Xe I and Xe II intensity profiles in the near-plume region (<10 mm), which could not be quantitatively distinguished by analysis of the frontal photographic image. Three-dimensional Xe I and Xe II intensity profiles were also obtained in the plume region, and the differences in the structures of both emissions were visually confirmed.