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National Academy of Sciences, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 6(119), 2022

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2113874119

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Extracellular vimentin is an attachment factor that facilitates SARS-CoV-2 entry into human endothelial cells

Journal article published in 2022 by Razie Amraei, Chaoshuang Xia ORCID, Judith Olejnik ORCID, Mitchell R. White ORCID, Marc A. Napoleon, Saran Lotfollahzadeh ORCID, Blake M. Hauser, Aaron G. Schmidt ORCID, Vipul Chitalia, Elke Mühlberger ORCID, Catherine E. Costello ORCID, Nader Rahimi ORCID
This paper is made freely available by the publisher.
This paper is made freely available by the publisher.

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Abstract

Significance Human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is the most widely known entry receptor for SARS-CoV-2. The possible involvement of other cellular components in viral entry mechanisms remains unknown. Vimentin is expressed in human endothelial cells, binds to SARS-CoV-2-spike, and expedites SARS-CoV-2 entry. Treatment of lung ACE2/A549 carcinoma cells with purified vimentin or coculture of ACE2/A549 cells with HEK-293 cells expressing vimentin increased ACE2-dependent viral entry. CR3022 antibody blocked vimentin interaction with SARS-CoV-2-spike and inhibited SARS-CoV-2 entry. Vimentin could facilitate SARS-CoV-2 infection and contribute to vascular complications associated with COVID-19.