To investigate the association between Aorta (Ao), pulmonary artery (PA) diameters and the PA/Ao ratio with right (RV) and left ventricle (LV) volumetric properties in subjects free of cardiovascular diseases. In the KORA-MRI study, 339 subjects (mean age 56.3 ± 9.1 years; 43.7% female) underwent whole-body 3T-MRI. Ao and PA were measured on DIXON sequences. Cvi42 quantified cardiac functional parameters from a SSFP sequence. The relationship between ascending (AAo), and descending aorta (DAo), as well as PA diameters, and RV and LV function were assessed using linear regression models adjusted for age, sex, and cardiovascular risk factors. AAo and DAo diameter were associated with LV end-diastolic volume (β = 4.52, p = 0.015; ß = 7.1, p ≤ 0.001), LV end-systolic volume (β = 2.37, p = 0.031; ß = 3.66, p = 0.002), while DAo associated with RV end-diastolic volume (β = 6.45, p = 0.006) and RV end-systolic volume (β = 3.9, p = 0.011). PA diameter was associated with LV end-diastolic volume (β = 4.81, p = 0.003). Interestingly, the PA/Ao ratio was only associated with RV end-diastolic and end-systolic volume (β = 4.48, p = 0.029; ß = 2.82, p = 0.037). Furthermore, we found different relationships between men and women. Ao and PA diameter were associated with LV and RV volumetric parameters in subjects free of cardiovascular diseases suggesting that ventricular volumetric performance directly relates to vascular diameter properties.