Lignin monomers have attracted attention as functional materials for various industrial uses. However, it is challenging to obtain these monomers by degrading polymerized lignin due to the rigid ether linkage between the aromatic rings. Here, we propose a novel approach based on molecular vibrational excitation using infrared free electron laser (IR-FEL) for the degradation of lignin. The IR-FEL is an accelerator-based pico-second pulse laser, and commercially available powdered lignin was irradiated by the IR-FEL under atmospheric conditions. Synchrotron-radiation infrared microspectroscopy analysis showed that the absorption intensities at 1050 cm−1, 1140 cm−1, and 3400 cm−1 were largely decreased alongside decolorization. Electrospray ionization mass chromatography analysis showed that coumaryl alcohol was more abundant and a mass peak corresponding to hydrated coniferyl alcohol was detected after irradiation at 2.9 μm (νO-H) compared to the original lignin. Interestingly, a mass peak corresponding to vanillic acid appeared after irradiation at 7.1 μm (νC=C and νC-C), which was supported by our two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy analysis. Therefore, it seems that partial depolymerization of lignin can be induced by IR-FEL irradiation in a wavelength-dependent manner.