Published in

American Institute of Physics, APL Materials, 6(10), p. 061108, 2022

DOI: 10.1063/5.0091676

Links

Tools

Export citation

Search in Google Scholar

How much gallium do we need for a p-type Cu(In,Ga)Se<sub>2</sub>?

This paper is made freely available by the publisher.
This paper is made freely available by the publisher.

Full text: Download

Red circle
Preprint: archiving forbidden
Green circle
Postprint: archiving allowed
Green circle
Published version: archiving allowed
Data provided by SHERPA/RoMEO

Abstract

Doping in the chalcopyrite Cu(In,Ga)Se2 is determined by intrinsic point defects. In the ternary CuInSe2, both N-type conductivity and P-type conductivity can be obtained depending on the growth conditions and stoichiometry: N-type is obtained when grown Cu-poor, Se-poor, and alkali-free. CuGaSe2, on the other hand, is found to be always a P-type semiconductor that seems to resist all kinds of N-type doping, no matter whether it comes from native defects or extrinsic impurities. In this work, we study the N-to-P transition in Cu-poor Cu(In,Ga)Se2 single crystals in dependence of the gallium content. Our results show that Cu(In,Ga)Se2 can still be grown as an N-type semiconductor until the gallium content reaches the critical concentration of 15%–19%, where the N-to-P transition occurs. Furthermore, trends in the Seebeck coefficient and activation energies extracted from temperature-dependent conductivity measurements demonstrate that the carrier concentration drops by around two orders of magnitude near the transition concentration. Our proposed model explains the N-to-P transition based on the differences in formation energies of donor and acceptor defects caused by the addition of gallium.