Abstract This article aims to identify and map the actions to promote, protect and support breastfeeding that are carried out within the prison system. Scope review, whose searches were performed in the Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature and Nursing databases, Virtual Health Library, Medical Literature, Analysis, and Retrieval System Online, via PubMed, Scientific Electronic Library Online and the Capes Periodicals Portal. A total of 465 studies were obtained, 177 duplicates and 175 by title exclusion were removed, 56 articles were eliminated by abstract, and eight articles were not found. After selection and reading by the review team, 16 articles were removed, thus constituting ten articles with relevant results for breastfeeding promotion in prison, 13 articles with important results for breastfeeding protection in prison, and ten articles with potential findings for breastfeeding support in prison. It is necessary to promote breastfeeding in prison with promotion, protection and support actions, because many children are still prevented from being breastfed soon after birth, which characterizes inequality in relation to the population in freedom.