CONTEXT: Individuals with HTLV-1 have dysfunctions that directly impact their quality of life. Physiotherapy uses resources that help a lot in the treatment of these changes. However, questions are asked about which modalities are most used and whether they are being properly applied. The only certainty is that the more we know about the physical therapy resources used in individuals with HTLV-1, the better the result of the treatment used. How, then, is this scientific scenario?