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West Africa Journal of Medicine, 1(39), p. 52-58, 2022

DOI: 10.55891/wajm.v39i1.93

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Etiology and Clinical Evaluation of Patients with Bronchiectasis in a Tertiary Hospital in Nigeria

Journal article published in 2022 by Umoh Va, Alasia Dd, Akpan Ee, Udeme Ekrikpo ORCID, Ekpe Ee, Ekwere Me, E. Peters, Umoh
This paper is made freely available by the publisher.
This paper is made freely available by the publisher.

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Abstract

Background: Bronchiectasis is often considered an orphan disease in developed societies. This may not be the case with low-income countries. Currently there is a paucity of data on the pattern and presentation of this condition in Nigeria. Objective: This study was undertaken to determine the frequency and pattern of presentation of bronchiectasis in a tertiary healthcare facility in Uyo, South-South, Nigeria. Methods: We carried out a three-year prospective study of adult patients aged between 15-85 years diagnosed with bronchiectasis in the University of Uyo Teaching Hospital in Uyo, Nigeria between 2016 and 2019. Results: Eighty-two patients were identified from the clinic register. Out of these, 76 were recruited into the study; made up of 44(57.9%) males and 32 (42.1%) females. The average age of the patients was 49.7 ± 14.1 years. Sixteen (21.1%) of the patients were HIV positive. Forty-four (57.9%) patients had previously been treated for pulmonary tuberculosis. Majority of the patients; 72 (94.7%) had chronic productive cough. Sixty-four (84.2%) had at least one episode of exacerbation within the last 12 months while 36(47.4%) had a severe exacerbation requiring hospitalisation. Hospitalisation was associated with several factors with the strongest contributor being the presence of respiratory distress on physical examination (OR 15.4 p= 0.002). Conclusion: Bronchiectasis is not an uncommon disease amongst our patients. A previous history of pulmonary tuberculosis is the commonest associated predisposing medical condition. There is a high rate of exacerbation among these patients with respiratory distress as the strongest predictor of hospitalisation. Authors V A Umoh 1, D D Alasia 2, E E Akpan 1, U Ekrikpo 1, E E Ekpe 3, M E Ekwere 4, E Peters 1