A simple, rapid and sensitive fluorescent assay for determination of melamine has been developed based on inner filter effect (IFE) of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) on the fluorescence of CdTe quantum dots (QDs). When thioglycolic acid-capped CdTe QDs was mixed with citrate-stabilized AuNPs, the fluorescence of CdTe QDs was significantly quenched via the IFE of AuNPs. With the presence of melamine, melamine could induce the aggregation and corresponding absorbance change of AuNPs, which then resulted in the recovery of IFE-decreased emission of CdTe QDs. Under the optimum conditions, the detection limit for melamine in raw milk was 0.02mgL(-1). The application of this method in samples of melamine-spiked raw milk suggested a recovery between 103% and 104%. Therefore, the obvious merits provided by the present assay, such as simplicity, rapidity, low cost, and high sensitivity, would make it promising for on-site screening of melamine adulterant in raw milk.