Lignite is an obsolete and less commercially circulated natural resource due to its low calorific value worldwide. The effective conversion of lignite into methane is important considering the global energy crunch. This study reported the effective bioconversion of organic matter released from chemically solubilized lignite to methane using two methanogenic consortia types: mixed methanogenic enrichment culture (mMEC) and SAL25-2. We demonstrated in a microcosm study that the start of methane generation was observed within seven days. Furthermore, the methane yield increased as the total organic carbon concentration of the chemically solubilized lignite solution increased. Surprisingly, methane production using mMEC was drastically enhanced by approximately 50–fold when pulverized lignite was added as conductive material (CM) to the microcosms. To the best of our knowledge, this is the highest number of times methane production increased relative to the control. Our results demonstrated that bioaugmentation using a methanogenic consortium and adding pulverized lignite as CM could facilitate the bioconversion of chemically solubilized lignite solution to methane and lead to effective utilization of subterranean lignite, regarded as a neglected natural resource, without any further excavation processes.