In this study, we list 25 moss species belonging to Sematophyllaceae s. str. Six species are reported for the first time from some of the states in the Northeast Region of Brazil. Sematophyllum succedaneum (Hook.f. & Wilson) Mitt. stands out for being found for the first time in this region. The Atlantic Forest is the phytogeographic domain with the greatest number of Sematophyllaceae species, which are either exclusive to this domain or shared with the Caatinga and/or Cerrado. Our study expands on the previous knowledge of these species and provides a foundation for further studies.