Published in

MDPI, Geosciences, 11(12), p. 420, 2022

DOI: 10.3390/geosciences12110420

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On the Evaluation of the SAR-Based Copernicus Snow Products in the French Alps

Journal article published in 2022 by Fatima Karbou ORCID, Guillaume James, Mathieu Fructus, Florence Marti ORCID
This paper is made freely available by the publisher.
This paper is made freely available by the publisher.

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Abstract

We perform a first evaluation of the Copernicus pan-European wet snow products in mountainous terrain in the French Alps. Mountains are very challenging due to the complexity of the terrain and the multiple interactions between soil, snow and atmosphere that can impact the snowpack state. We focused on the evaluation of the Sentinel-1 derived SAR Wet Snow (SWS) product with the use of Sentinel-2 derived Fractional Snow Cover (FSC) products for the evaluation during wet snow periods. Comparisons were also made with snowpack reanalyses from the Crocus model. We showed that melt lines computed from the SWS product at the scale of massifs show realistic variations in elevation, orientation and season supported by comparisons with some snow variables as simulated by the Crocus model. We developed a new score, which is particularly suitable for mountain products and allows a very useful comparison of satellite products of different ground resolutions. We show that for melting periods, Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 snow cover probability curves calculated at the scale of a mountain range are very close for altitudes below 2000 m with RMS errors lower than 0.2. We also illustrate how the generated probability curves can be used to infer highly relevant information on the extent of snow by altitude and on its melting process evolution by connecting information from Sentinel-2 and Sentinel-1 (taking into account morning and evening orbits).