Abstract Two-dimensional electron temperature and density profiles in the plume region of 300 W-class Hall thruster Ar plasmas were obtained using tomographically reconstructed optical emission intensity profiles combined with a collisional-radiative (CR) model. A total of 1242 lines of sight were used by rotating the thruster to apply inverse Radon transform-based tomographic reconstructions and Abel inversion. The reconstruction accuracy of the developed diagnostic system was evaluated using a priori images derived from plasma pictures, and the reconstruction error was less than 1% in the region of interest, exhibiting higher accuracy than the Abel inversion. From the Ar Hall thruster plasma, more than 12 different two-dimensional profiles of Ar I emission intensity within a spectral range of 600–1000 nm were obtained 6 mm from the exit plane of the thruster. A CR model using 31 allowed transitions at 15 different states from the ground state to the 2p _i states was incorporated with the tomographically reconstructed emission intensity sets. Consequently, two-dimensional electron temperature and density profiles in the range of 5–18 eV and 2.0 × 10¹⁶–4.7 × 10¹⁷ m⁻³ were obtained, respectively, exhibiting reasonable agreement with the double Langmuir probe measurements.