Published in

American Association for the Advancement of Science, Science Advances, 50(8), 2022

DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.add8252

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Photo-induced cascaded harmonic and comb generation in silicon nitride microresonators

This paper is made freely available by the publisher.
This paper is made freely available by the publisher.

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Abstract

Silicon nitride (Si 3 N 4 ) is an ever-maturing integrated platform for nonlinear optics but mostly considered for third-order [χ (3) ] nonlinear interactions. Recently, second-order [χ (2) ] nonlinearity was introduced into Si 3 N 4 via the photogalvanic effect, resulting in the inscription of quasi-phase–matched χ (2) gratings. However, the full potential of the photogalvanic effect in microresonators remains largely unexplored for cascaded effects. Here, we report combined χ (2) and χ (3) nonlinear effects in a normal dispersion Si 3 N 4 microresonator. We demonstrate that the photo-induced χ (2) grating also provides phase-matching for the sum-frequency generation process, enabling the initiation and successive switching of primary combs. In addition, the doubly resonant pump and second-harmonic fields allow for effective third-harmonic generation, where a secondary optically written χ (2) grating is identified. Last, we reach a broadband microcomb state evolved from the sum-frequency–coupled primary comb. These results expand the scope of cascaded effects in microresonators.