Background In recent years, HIV infection in students has been an ongoing concern worldwide. A large number of articles have been published; however, statistical analysis of the data presented in these publications is lacking. Objective This study aimed to detect and analyze emerging trends and collaborative networks in research on HIV/AIDS among students. Methods Research publications on HIV/AIDS among students from 1985 to 2022 were collected from the Web of Science Core Collection. A topic search was used for this study, and articles in English were included. CiteSpace was used to generate visual networks of countries/regions, institutions, references, and keywords. Citation analysis was used to discover milestones in the field and trace the roots of the knowledge base. Keyword analysis was used to detect research hotspots and predict future trends. Results A total of 2726 publications met the inclusion criteria. Over the past 38 years, the number of publications annually has been on the rise overall. The United States had the highest number of publications (n=1303) and the highest centrality (0.91). The University of California system was the core institution. The main target population of studies on HIV/AIDS among students were medical and university students. These studies focused on students’ knowledge, attitudes, risk behaviors, and education about HIV/AIDS. The recent bursting keywords (gay, sexual health, adherence, barriers, mental health, HIV testing, stigma, and antiretroviral therapy) revealed research trends and public interest on this topic. Conclusions This study identified countries/regions and institutions contributing to the research area of HIV/AIDS among students and revealed research hotspots and emerging trends. The field of research on HIV/AIDS among students was growing rapidly. The United States was at the center, and the University of California system was the core institution. However, academic collaboration should be strengthened. Future research may focus on exploring gay students, sexual health, adherence, barriers, mental health, HIV testing, stigma, and antiretroviral therapy.