High-energy resolution core-level spectroscopies, including a group of different techniques to obtain element-specific information of the electronic structure around an absorption site, have become powerful tools for studying the chemical state, local geometric structure, and the nature of chemical bonding. High-resolution x-ray absorption and x-ray emission spectroscopies are well-established experimental techniques but have always been limited by the number of emitted photons and the limited acceptance of solid angles, as well as requiring high energy stability and repeatability for the whole experimental setup. A full-cylindrical x-ray spectrometer based on flexible HAPG (highly annealed pyrolitic graphite) mosaic crystals is an effective solution for the above issues. However, large-area HAPG remains expensive and is often not easy to access. Here, we present an alternative approach by using segmented single crystals (Si and Ge) with different orientations instead of the HAPG as a dispersive element. The proposed method drastically improved the energy resolution up to 0.2–2 eV in the range of 2–10 keV. High-pressure x-ray emission and resonant x-ray emission spectra are presented to demonstrate the capabilities of the instrument. The new design is particularly suitable for high-resolution spectroscopy applications at fourth-generation synchrotron radiation sources or free-electron lasers.