Research into an efficacious Chlamydia trachomatis vaccine is ongoing, however, there has been no examination into the timing of vaccine administration to either asymptomatically or previously infected individuals. Using the female Chlamydia muridarum genital tract mouse model, we examined this aspect of vaccine development. Our results show timing of vaccination affected the production of systemic antibodies, but had minimal effects on mucosal antibody production. Vaccination during an active infection or after a resolved infection did not provide protection against re-exposure to Chlamydia, and did not exacerbate the development of pathological sequelae in infected mice. This demonstrates that vaccination may not be protective in individuals who are seropositive for an acute or previous chlamydial infection.